The method validation is prelimnary step in a research when researcher has not familier yet with the instruments, procedures and different sample matrices. The aim is obtaining suitable analytical method. Spectrophotometry is an instrumental method which is simpler, faster and cheaper than other instrumental methods. This study optimized and validated Spectrophotometry method for the determination of ascorbic acid in Jeruk Bali Fruit (Citrus maxima). Ascorbic acid in acidic condition gives blue color when was reacted with ammonium molybdate, then the absorbance was observed in visible wavelength area.  Optimization to determine ascorbic acid (250.0 µg) required the addition of 4.0 ml of 5% sulphuric acid, 1.5 ml of 3% metaphosphate acid, 1.5 ml of 5% ammonium molybdate and the resulting color was stabil within 20-30 minutes. Furthermore, optimized condition was applied to validate Spectrophotometry method for the determination of ascorbic acid in Jeruk Bali Fruit. Selectivity test obtained 701 nm as wavelength of choice, linierity test resulted Y=0.0019x+0.071 and r=0.9998 (p=0.000; p<0.01), Coeffisien of Variation (C.V)=0.3512%, recovery was (%) = 100.2128±1.7039. Using optimized and validated condition, the determination of ascorbic acid in Jeruk Bali Fruit from Indonesia =0.0208±0.0129 (%; w/w).

A new selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the quantification of Naproxen in human plasma using diclofenac sodium asinternal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on aPhenomenex GEMINI C₁₈ (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 mm) column. The mobile phase consists of a mixture of Acetonitrile: 0.5% Triethylamine buffer (50:50; v/v) and the pH of the mobile phase was adjusted to 3.5 by 85 % orthophosphoric acid. Flow rate of mobile phase was 1 mL/min.Detection was performed at 230nm. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range from 10 to 120µg/mL. The detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits were 10 ng/mL and 25 ng/Ml respectively. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness, and detection and quantification limits, in accordance with ICH guidelines.The developed method for the determination of Naproxen from human plasma has been found accurate, precise, selective, and suitable for the bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic studies.

Healthcare associated infection is one of the common infection that happens in Indonesia. One form control to prevent healthcare associated infection is the sterilization process of the materials and medical instruments that used for taking care of patients. At the private hospital whereas a place of research, there’s never been done the study of sterility test for reusable instrument with pouches, based on previous studies showed that 8 sets from 40 sets of reusable instrument with linen were not sterile moreover there were positively influence from the amount of time to the sterility of reusable instrument. The purpose of these studies was to determining the relationship between a long storage time and the sterility of reusable instruments with pouches. The method that used in this study was the sterility testing of reusable instrument with pouches which were stored in a central operations room storage with a long storage time of 1 and 2 months. From 30 reusable instruments with pouches which were stored for nine months there were 5 instruments were not sterile. The results of statistic analysis showed that the amount of storage time not significantly associated to the sterility of reusable instrument with pouches in the operating room central storage space.

In nature there are numerous plants available with medicinal properties. Around 70 % of medicinal plants are found in tropical areas of India. The search for natural products and compounds derived from natural sources has played a vital role in drug discovery due to their pharmacological importance. Compounds isolated from botanical sources remain an important source of several clinically useful anti-inflammatory agents. Manilkara zapota is a large, evergreen forest tree belongs to family sapotaceae. It is commonly known as chiku (Hindi), sofeda (Bengali) sapodilla and sapoti (French), chickle tree, hase berry, tree potato (English). Manilkara zapota is a species of lowland rain forest. Manilkara zapota and its different parts have been traditionally used for alleviating inflammation related diseases such as arthritis, cancer and skin infections. The present study aims to isolate, structurally characterize and analyze the bioactive compound from Manilkara zapota by using chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques on the basis of inhibitory effects on sPLA₂ by activity guided fractionation of ethyl acetate extract of Manilkara zapota leaves.  Among the six fractions (F1-F6) tested fraction-5 showed significant inhibitory effects on sPLA₂ activity hence fraction -5 was further subjected to structural analysis for identification of bioactive compounds by using analytical techniques such as TLC, HPLC, FT-IR, LC-MS and ¹H ,¹³C NMR studies. The isolated compound identified as apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester.

The present work describes the development of accurate, precise and high economic value for the simultaneous estimation of Cefpodoxime proxetil and Dicloxacillin sodium by hydrotropy method using UV spectroscopy was developed and validated. The method was performed on Lab India, model UV-3000 spectrophotometer with UV win software. 1M urea was used as a solvent for analysis. Detection was carried out at 230nm for Cefpodoxime proxetil and 210 nm for Dicloxacillin sodium. Linearity was observed at concentration range 2-20 µg/ml for Cefpodoxime proxetil and 5-30 µg/ml for Dicloxacillin sodium. Correlation coefficient for Cefpodoxime proxetil and Dicloxacillin sodium was found to be 0.993 and 0.9998 respectively. The method can be successfully applicable to routine analysis.

Cancer is a leading cause of Morbidity and Mortality. Currently, It is a second leading cause of death followed by Cardiovascular diseases. Despite the fact that cancer can occur at any age, the older adults are more susceptible for tumor spread and contribute for its largest increase in incident cases worldwide.

Herbal medicine is the oldest form of health care system known to mankind. Herbs had been used by all cultures through history. Herbs are the potential source of chemical constituents that have a high therapeutic value. Herbal medicines are now in high demand in the developing world for primary health care not because they are cheap but also for better cultural acceptance, better compatibility with the human body and minimal side effects. This review summarizes the research on Cleome viscose Linn. (Capparidaceae), commonly known as “wild mustard or dog”, is an annual sticky herb that is found in all plains of India and throughout the tropics of the world. The whole plant and its parts (leaves, seeds, and roots) are widely used in traditional and folk medicine systems. In traditional systems of medicine, the plant is reported to have beneficial effects such as anthelmintic, antiseptic, carminative, antiscorbutic, sudorific, febrifuge and cardiac stimulant. Following the various traditional claims for the use of C. viscosa (CV) as a cure for numerous diseases, researchers have made considerable efforts to verify their usefulness through scientific pharmacological examinations. Pharmacological studies have shown that CV has several notable biological activities, such as anthelmintic, antimicrobial, analgesic, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antipyretic, psychoprotein, wound healing, antimalarial, antiemetic, antitumor, antioxidant, antidiarrheal and hepatoprotective. The present review is an effort to consolidate the traditional, ethnobotanical, and pharmacological information available in C. viscosa.